Indonesia

Indonesia’s religious freedom conditions are poor. Despite constitutional FoRB protections, the Criminal Code and other laws restrict worship, targeting religious minorities such as Protestants, Catholics, Ahmadiyyah Muslims, Jehovah’s Witnesses, and Baha'is. A new Criminal Code came into effect in 2026, broadening the criminal definition of blasphemy. Religious minorities also encounter challenges when constructing places of worship as local authorities often refuse to issue permits.