May 1, 2014
FOR YOUR INFORMATION
May 1, 2014 | By Robert P. George
The following op-ed appeared in The Hill on April 30, 2014.
Iranian pastor Saeed Abedini, a U.S. citizen, has been serving an eight-year prison sentence since January 2012 for “threatening national security” through his involvement in Iran’s house church movement. The “Baha’i Seven,” Iran’s Baha’i leaders, have been jailed since 2008 for heading a religious movement that contradicts the beliefs of Tehran’s theocratic leaders.
Shabbaz Bhatti, a Christian who was Pakistan’s Minister for Minority Affairs and a friend of the U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF), of which I am chairman, was murdered by the Pakistani Taliban in March 2011 for opposing his country’s blasphemy law and Aasia Bibi’s death sentence for blasphemy. Two months earlier, Salman Taseer, the Muslim governor of Punjab province, met the same fate for the same reasons. Ms. Bibi remains jailed while her appealed case drags on.
Gao Zhisheng, one of China’s most respected human rights lawyers, is paying a heavy price for his brave defense of fellow citizens, from Falun Gong practitioners to Christians. After disbarring him, China’s government imprisoned and tortured him, and has concealed his whereabouts for nearly two years.
Eritrean Orthodox Church Patriarch Abune Antonios, the leader of Eritrea’s largest religious community, remains under house arrest. He was illegally deposed in 2006 for protesting government interference in church affairs, refusing to excommunicate 3,000 opponents of the Isais Afweki government, and calling for political prisoners to be released. Since 2007, the government has held him at an undisclosed location, denying him family visits and access to medical care despite his being a severe diabetic.
A week before USCIRF’s first visit to Turkmenistan in August 2007, the government finally released former Chief Mufti Nasrullah ibn Ibadullah, a national Muslim leader. USCIRF had called for his release since he was sentenced three years earlier to a 22-year prison term on trumped-up treason charges for refusing to display the Ruhnama, a book of sayings by the country’s ruler, alongside the Qur’an in the nation’s mosques.
Each of these cases represents a clear violation of the bedrock human right of freedom of religion or belief.
On April 30, USCIRF issued its annual report documenting such violations. Reporting on 33 countries, we recommended that the State Department add eight more nations to its list of egregious abusers which deserve being named “countries of particular concern” (CPCs): Egypt, Iraq, Nigeria, Pakistan, Syria, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Vietnam. USCIRF recommended the re-designation of eight countries as CPCs: Burma, China, Eritrea, Iran, North Korea, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, and Uzbekistan.
Our report also commemorated the 15th anniversary of our creation and the enactment of the International Religious Freedom Act (IRFA). Examining international religious freedom policy since enactment, we reviewed what IRFA requires, assessed America’s record on implementing its provisions, and proposed ways to strengthen U.S. promotion of religious freedom.
According to the most recent Pew study on the subject, more than three-quarters of the world’s people lives in countries in which governments or societies significantly restrict religious practice.
Why should we care?
Religious freedom is tied inextricably to our country’s founding and development, is affirmed by international agreements like the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and honors the precious right of people to follow their conscience peacefully and without fear.
Equally important, societal well-being tends to suffer when religious freedom is unprotected. Politically, religious freedom abuses are linked with abuses of other human rights. Economically, religious persecution can marginalize the persecuted, causing their talents to go unrealized and robbing affected countries of added productivity and abundance. Civically, whenever religious liberty is violated, nations surrender the benefit religious beliefs may yield through the molding of character which enables the responsible exercise of citizenship. Socially, wherever freedom of religion is abused, peace and security may be threatened, affecting these societies and in some cases the security of the United States and the world. Religious freedom can be a powerful and effective means of countering violent religious extremism.
With the release of our 2014 USCIRF report and the IRFA commemoration, we’re reminded that support for religious freedom is both a humanitarian imperative and a practical necessity. To betray it is to betray human nature and well-being; to affirm it is to affirm our humanity and its thriving. Religious freedom merits our continued defense and a prominent seat at the foreign policy table.
George is the chairman of the U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF).
To interview a USCIRF Commissioner, please contact USCIRF at 202-786-0613 or [email protected].
Apr 30, 2014
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
April 30, 2014 | USCIRF
Washington, D.C. -- The U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF), an independent federal advisory body the International Religious Freedom Act (IRFA) created to monitor religious freedom abuses abroad, today released its 2014 Annual Report, and recommended that the State Department add eight more nations to its list of “countries of particular concern,” defined under law as countries where particularly severe violations of religious freedom are tolerated or perpetrated: Egypt, Iraq, Nigeria, Pakistan, Syria, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Vietnam. USCIRF also recommended that the following eight countries be re-designated as “countries of particular concern,” or CPCs: Burma, China, Eritrea, Iran, North Korea, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, and Uzbekistan.
This year’s report, the 15th since the Commission’s creation in 1998, documents religious freedom violations in 33 countries and makes country-specific policy recommendations. The report also examines U.S. international religious freedom policy over the past decade and a half, reviewing what IRFA requires, assessing the record on implementing its provisions, and recommending ways to strengthen U.S. engagement on and promotion of religious freedom.
“With religious freedom abuses occurring daily around the world against people of all faiths and those without religious faith, the United States must by words and deeds stand in solidarity with the persecuted,” said USCIRF Chairman Robert P. George. “Religious freedom is a fundamental human right recognized by international law that guarantees to all human beings the freedom to believe or not believe as their conscience leads, and live out their beliefs openly, peacefully, and without fear. Religious freedom also is essential to national and global security. Thus, the defense of religious freedom is both a human rights imperative and a practical necessity and merits a seat at the table with economic, security and other key concerns of U.S. foreign policy.”
Along with recommending CPC designations, USCIRF also announced the placement of 10 countries on its 2014 “Tier 2” list, a USCIRF designation for governments that engage in or tolerate violations that are serious, but which are not CPC-level violators. USCIRF urged increased U.S. government attention to these countries, which include Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Cuba, India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Laos, Malaysia, Russia, and Turkey.
The USCIRF report also highlights religious freedom concerns in countries/regions that do not meet the Tier 1 (CPC) or Tier 2 threshold, but should also be the focus of concern, including Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belarus, Central African Republic, Ethiopia, Kyrgyzstan, Sri Lanka, and Western Europe.
“America’s commitment to religious freedom abroad, embodied in the IRFA law enacted more than 15 years ago, must be renewed and strengthened,” said Chairman George. “IRFA was prescient in recognizing that religious freedom needs to be a key component of U.S. foreign policy. The United States must fully utilize IRFA’s provisions including: faithfully designating CPCs each year, ensuring that the CPC list expands or contracts as conditions warrant, and consider taking Presidential actions unique to each situation.”
To interview a USCIRF Commissioner, contact USCIRF at [email protected] or 202-786-0613.
Apr 14, 2014
FOR YOUR INFORMATION
April 14, 2014 | By Katrina Lantos Swett and M. Zuhdi Jasser
The following op-ed appeared in the Global Post on April 10, 2014.
WASHINGTON — Last week's Formula 1 automotive racing event spotlighted the host country of Bahrain, which remains home to the region’s largest United States naval base. As a recent fact-finding visit revealed, the Kingdom continues to be a stark study in contrasts facing its share of challenges and fateful decisions ahead.
In one respect, Bahrain has served as a regional model for modernization, including the tolerant treatment of non-Muslim religious minorities, from Christians and Hindus to Jews and Baha’is.
But on the other hand, the minority Sunni government has inadequately addressed the legitimate grievances of its peaceful Shi’a majority, including religious freedom violations perpetrated against its members.
The recent shocking bomb attack by extremists outside the capital city of Manama, which killed three police officers, underscores the increasingly uncertain environment faced by Bahrain’s people and government. This should be a concern to the United States on the security front as well as for human rights reasons.
Three years ago in February, predominantly Shi’a protestors demanding reform and an end to anti-Shi’a discrimination were met by a heavy-handed response resulting in dozens of deaths and the destruction of Shi’a mosques and other structures.
While Bahrain since has taken steps toward progress, it must act with greater urgency and purposefulness to end religious discrimination and embrace lasting reform. Otherwise, events could well overtake Bahrain, undoing its achievements, unraveling its society, and emboldening the forces of instability and strife, not only in Bahrain, but also elsewhere in the region. If Bahrain acts wisely and expeditiously, it likely will not only avert deeper trouble, but usher in a brighter and more secure future.
During our January visit as representatives of the US Commission on International Religious Freedom, we heard an expressed commitment to making demonstrable progress, particularly on the rebuilding of the Shi’a mosques and other structures. Bahrain has allocated $8 million for rebuilding, a two-fold increase from its initial pledge.
Moreover, the government has set an end-of-2014 deadline, as opposed to its original deadline of 2018, to complete construction of the 30 structures that were destroyed during the 2011 disturbances.
Nevertheless, while the government told us it had completed construction of 10 of these Shi’a structures, it acknowledged that the Shi’a community had actually paid for and built six of them.
Officials said they arranged to secure legal permits for each of them, and several stated they were open to reimbursing the community. Reimbursement would be an appropriate follow-through on the government’s commitment, but would also be a welcome gesture of sincerity and good will.
A serious concern is that the government still is not holding the guilty accountable for the 2011 abuses that included targeting, imprisoning, torturing, and killing protestors. Only a few lower-level police officers have been prosecuted and convicted. There is little transparency about these cases, raising questions as to whether the convicted officers actually are serving jail time. It appears that no high-level officials have been held accountable.
Shi’a Muslims are still being arrested and detained arbitrarily, while incendiary sectarian rhetoric in the media continues against them. Discrimination persists, including in the Bahraini military and police, where no Shi’a serve at senior levels. Shi’a human rights defenders like Nabeel Rajab remain in jail.
One encouraging sign is that the Crown Prince has met with Shi’a and other opposition leaders. The Crown Prince’s involvement is a hopeful step forward and could pave the way for genuine progress toward reform. Such high-level engagement is essential.
In the end, both Bahrain’s successes and challenges highlight the crucial fact — seen across the globe — that religious freedom and tolerance promote stability and strength while discrimination and repression risk destabilization and strife.
Today, Bahrain stands at the crossroads between those two paths. It is time for Bahrain to follow the path toward reconciliation and inclusion by bringing Shi’a and Sunni together and by making the necessary reforms to end discrimination and build on its foundation of tolerance by fully respecting religious freedom.
Katrina Lantos Swett and M. Zuhdi Jasser serve as vice chairs for the US Commission on International Religious Freedom, an independent, bipartisan federal commission, the first of its kind in the world, dedicated to defending the universal right to freedom of religion or belief abroad.
To interview a USCIRF Commissioner, please contact USCIRF at 202-786-0613 or [email protected].