Religious freedom conditions in Kazakhstan are poor for all religious communities, particularly Muslims who deviate from the state’s preferred interpretation of Islam. Authorities arbitrarily enforce vague and often onerous provisions of the 2011 religion law and the 2005 extremism law to penalize peaceful religious activities. The government heavily promotes and invests in interfaith engagement to distract from its ongoing religious freedom violations. 

Indonesia’s religious freedom conditions are poor. Despite constitutional FoRB protections, the Criminal Code and other laws restrict worship, targeting religious minorities such as Protestants, Catholics, Ahmadiyyah Muslims, Jehovah’s Witnesses, and Baha'is. A new Criminal Code came into effect in 2026, broadening the criminal definition of blasphemy. Religious minorities also encounter challenges when constructing places of worship as local authorities often refuse to issue permits. 

The Indian government tolerates and perpetrates widespread harassment and violence against religious minorities at the national and state level. The BJP-led government has introduced and enforced discriminatory legislation that disenfranchises religious minorities, including the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA), the National Register of Citizens, the Unlawful Activities Prevention Act (UAPA), and various state-level anti-conversion and cow slaughter laws.