The Qatari government systematically represses unregistered religious groups, including Baha’is, Buddhists, and Hindus. It limits and monitors worship practices for select Shi’a and Sunni Muslims and a few Chrisian denominations. It denies Baha’is residency permits, prosecutes members of the community, and refuses to issue marriage certificates or allocate burial grounds to them. Official curriculum promotes and endorses discrimination against Christians, Jews, nonbelievers, and Shi’a Muslims. 

Religious freedom conditions in Libya have significantly deteriorated amid the country’s political fragmentation, as the Tripoli-based government detains and prosecutes those it suspects of atheism, apostasy from Islam, and proselytization for Christianity. Government-linked and independent militias operate across the country, kidnapping and detaining Christian migrants and suspected converts and harassing members of disfavored Muslim communities, such as Sufi and Ibadi Muslims.