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Religious freedom conditions in Burma have deteriorated amid the country’s ongoing civil war. Burma’s military (the Tatmadaw) has displaced over 2.5 million people since the 2021 coup, carrying out violence against minorities, particularly Christians in…
Religious communities in China face persecution when they refuse to submit to the government’s all-encompassing control over religious affairs. Authorities surveil, detain, fined, forcibly disappeared, imprison, torture, and deny medical care to Uyghur…
The government in Eritrea systematically persecutes individuals for their faith and only permits four recognized religions to register. The government continues to imprison hundreds of Christians and dozens of Jehovah's Witnesses, many of whom face…
Religious freedom conditions in Iran are particularly severe. The government invokes its own interpretation of Islam to deny religious freedom to citizens who dissent through peaceful protest, including women and girls who oppose mandatory hijab…
Religious freedom conditions in Nigeria are particularly severe as the government continues to tolerate, inadequately respond, or fail to hold FoRB violators accountable. Multiple nonstate actors regularly kill, kidnap, and attack Christians, Muslims,…
North Korea’s ruling ideology, Kimilsungism-Kimjongilism, treats religion as an existential threat. Punishments for defying draconian religious restrictions include forced labor, prison, torture, and execution. North Korean refugees in China face severe…
The Pakistani government’s systematic enforcement of blasphemy laws severely restricts freedom of religion or belief for all citizens, particularly targeting Ahmadiyya Muslims. Authorities’ failure to address mob violence associated with blasphemy…
Religious freedom conditions in Saudi Arabia are particularly severe, as the government prohibits the public practice of any religion other than Islam and forbids all non-Muslim houses of worship. Judicial authorities penalize religious dissenters with…
The regime of President Emomali Rahmon tightly controls nearly all aspects of religious life in Tajikistan. The government consistently uses arbitrary extremism charges against religious minorities, particularly targeting Muslims who deviate from the…
Religious freedom conditions in Turkmenistan remain terrible as the government holds tight control over the religious sphere, criminalizing and viewing all independent religious activity with profound suspicion and backing that distrust with a large…
Religious freedom in Vietnam remains poor as the government regulates and controls religious affairs through state-sponsored organizations. Authorities routinely detain, arrest, imprison, and torture religious freedom advocates and members of…
The Cuban government’s legal framework for controlling religious activity extends state authority over virtually all worship and practice, and religious leaders and communities continually face threats and harassment. The government criminalizes and…
The Indian government tolerates and perpetrates widespread harassment and violence against religious minorities at the national and state level. The BJP-led government has introduced and enforced discriminatory legislation that disenfranchises religious…
Religious freedom conditions in Russia are particularly severe as the government criminalizes the activities of multiple peaceful religious groups, including Jehovah’s Witnesses, often labeling such organizations as “terrorist,” “extremist,” or “…
Religious freedom conditions in Afghanistan are dire as the Taliban enforces a strict interpretation of Sunni Islam. Authorities use religious edicts to crack down on all Afghans who express dissent or different views of Islam, including women and…
The Nicaraguan regime continues to enforce a total crackdown on religious organizations. The government wrongfully detains worshipers, arbitrarily dissolves religious organizations and seizes their property, and expels religious leaders from the country…
Although President Bashar al-Assad’s government fell in December 2024, ending that regime’s years of religious freedom and broader human rights violations, Syria’s diverse religious communities face other threats. Both the interim authorities in…
Religious freedom conditions in Libya have significantly deteriorated amid the country’s political fragmentation, as the Tripoli-based government detains and prosecutes those it suspects of atheism, apostasy from Islam, and proselytization for…