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Religious freedom conditions in Egypt are poor. Baha'is, Jehovah’s Witnesses, and other religious minorities are unable to gain official recognition, impairing their ability to participate in civic life. Coptic Christians, Jews, nonbelievers, and other…
Iraq’s religious communities face ongoing challenges 11 years after the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) waged genocide against religious and ethnic minorities. Iraq has improved some FoRB conditions while falling short in others, such as…
Religious freedom conditions in Uzbekistan continue to deteriorate as the government retreats from previous reforms. Authorities have increasingly invoked an expanding and restrictive legal framework to target Muslims who deviate from the state’s…
Religious freedom conditions in Azerbaijan are poor. Authorities detain Shi’a Muslims whose religious practice falls outside the government's preferred interpretation of Islam, and they reportedly subject detainees to mistreatment. Azerbaijan’s religion…
Indonesia’s religious freedom conditions are poor. Despite constitutional FoRB protections, the Criminal Code and other laws restrict worship, targeting religious minorities such as Protestants, Catholics, Ahmadiyyah Muslims, Jehovah’s Witnesses, and…
Religious freedom conditions in Kazakhstan are poor for all religious communities, particularly Muslims who deviate from the state’s preferred interpretation of Islam. Authorities arbitrarily enforce vague and often onerous provisions of the 2011…
Religious freedom remains under threat in Turkey, as authorities continue to prosecute theological dissenters for perceived insults to Islam; exert undue administrative control over religious groups’ classification and registration; and impede some…
Algeria engages in systematic repression of religious minority communities. Authorities have persisted in their crackdown on Evangelical Protestant Christians, shuttering and denying legal registration to churches—including their two largest…
Religious freedom conditions in Malaysia are poor amid a troubling rise in religious polarization and restrictions. The country’s dual legal system of Shari’a and civil courts privilege Islamic law, according to the Shaf’i school of Sunni jurisprudence…
Religious freedom conditions in Kyrgyzstan are severely restricted. A 2025 religion law and related amendments have further undermined FoRB, including by imposing stricter registration requirements on groups to engage in any religious activity. Under…